By Rabbi Noam Wagner
Rosh Yeshiva of Yeshiva G’dola, Johannesburg, South Africa
Introduction
And the Nasi shall come …
Sixty years ago, my grandfather (Rabbi Dov Yehuda Schochet) was in 770 during the month of Nissan to celebrate the Aufruf of his son. At the behest of some of the senior Chassidim, he requested of the Rebbe to hold a farbrengen on Shabbos after Davening. The Rebbe responded that if he would farbreng for the Aufruf of one Chassan, he would then be obliged to do the same for everyone. To this, Rabbi Schochet responded: “It is now the month of Nisan, and in Nisan the N’siim give.” The Rebbe went into his room and a few minutes later came out and held a farbrengen.
Nisan has been a month connected to N’siim ever since the dedication of the Mishkan in the desert over 3,000 years ago. Both the Rambam and the Maharal of Prague were born in the month of Nisan. In Chabad history, the 13th of Nisan commemorates the passing of the 3rd Lubavitcher Rebbe (the Tzemach Tzedek) and his son (the Rebbe Maharash) assuming the mantle of leadership. The 5th Rebbe (the Rebbe Rashab) passed away on the 2nd of Nisan, and was succeeded by his son, the Previous Rebbe, on the same day. In our generation, the 11th of Nisan is the auspicious day that our Rebbe was born.
With this publication, we hope to increase awareness of the function of the Nasi in every generation, and inspire our connection to him, specifically in this auspicious month, as we prepare to celebrate the birthday of the Nasi of our generation, when the Nasi gives, and we strive to give back.
The Sicha contained herein was said by the Rebbe on the 5th of Nisan 5747. The Rebbe edited the Sicha shortly thereafter, and it was subsequently published in Likutei Sichos vol. 32. The Sicha explains that a Nasi is eternal not only in the spiritual sense but in the physical world as well, and that this concept is eternalized every year during the first 12/13 days of Nisan when we recite the portion of the Nasi each day.
May we merit the fulfillment of the dictum “In Nisan they shall be redeemed” so that we can participate in the dedication of the 3rd Beis HaMikdash through our Nasi – Melech HaMoshiach – may he speedily be revealed, Amen!
אות א’
The unique customs that we observe in the month of Nisan to commemorate the offerings brought by the Nasi (prince) of each of the 12 tribes of Israel.
Question: Why do we have such a powerful observance to commemorate a one-time occurrence that took place thousands of years ago?
While in the desert, Hashem commanded the Jewish people to build a sanctuary in which He would reside. The tabernacle that they built was completed on the 1st day of the month of Nisan. For 12 consecutive days, the leaders of each of the tribes offered a sacrifice for the dedication of the altar.
To commemorate each of these offerings, it is customary to recite the portion of the Torah that describes the gift that each Nasi brought on that particular day. On the 13th day we read the summary of all the sacrifices, and the commandment to light the Menorah, to represent the tribe of Levi. We also celebrate these days (and the remainder of the month) as minor holidays, during which תחנון is not said.
From the 1st until the 12th day of Nisan |
מר”ח מראש חודש ניסן עד י”ב בו |
“It is customary to read the portion of the Nasi that offered a Korban |
“נוהגין לקרות פ’ פרשת הנשיא שהקריב בו ביום”. |
For this reason as well, it is customary To omit the recitation of Tachanun during these days, |
ומטעם זה נוהגין שאין אומרים תחנון בימים אלו, |
since “On the first of Nissan (the day the Mishkan was completed) |
מפני ש”בא’ בניסן (יום הקמת המשכן במדבר) |
the N’siim began to offer their sacrifices for the dedication of the altar, |
התחילו הנשיאים להקריב את קרבניהם לחנוכת המזבח |
one Nasi each day until the 13th of Nisan, |
נשיא א’ ליום עד י”ג בניסן |
and for each Nasi, the day that he brought his sacrifice was his holiday” |
וכל נשיא ביום שהקריב קרבנו הי’ יו”ט יום טוב שלו” |
(As a result [of these 12 days] together with the subsequent days of Pesach, “most of the month passed in holiness” - |
(ומכיון שביחד עם ימי הפסח שלאח”ז שלאחרי זה “יצא רוב החדש בקדושה” — |
so we don’t say תחנון the entire month). |
אין אומרים תחנון כל חדש ניסן) |
Now, we must understand: |
וצריך להבין: |
Despite all aspects (and stories) of Torah being eternal, |
אע”פ אף על פי שכל עניני (וסיפורי) התורה הם נצחיים, |
we still do not find as an established part of our prayers (or the like), a remembrance for all times |
מ”מ מכל מקום, לא מצינו שיתקנו בסדר התפלה (וכיו”ב וכיוצא בזה) זכר לדורות |
for every incident in the Torah, |
על כל מאורע שבתורה, |
other than particular events that are of overall significance |
כ”א כי אם רק בענינים מסויימים — שהם ענינים כלליים ויסודיים, |
such as “commemorating the exodus,” “remembering the Temple” and the like. |
כמו “זכר ליציאת מצרים”; “זכר למקדש” וכיו”ב |
[Even regarding the Holy Temple |
[וגם בנוגע ל”מקדש” |
we don’t have a remembrance for each of the services performed in the Temple |
אין עושים זכר לכל העבודות שנעשו במקדש |
(not even those done many times)]; |
(אפילו עבודות שנעשו הרבה פעמים)]; |
So why is there a remembrance for all times |
ומדוע עושים זכר לדורות |
of the sacrifices brought by the N’siim for the dedication of the altar - |
לקרבנות הנשיאים לחנוכת המזבח — |
that were (a) once off, (b) in the Mishkan |
שהיו (א) חד פעמיים, (ב) במשכן |
(which chronologically preceded not only the present exile, |
(היינו, שקדם בזמן לא רק לגלותנו זה האחרון, |
but even the 2nd Temple; the exile that preceded it, and the 1st Temple)! |
אלא גם למקדש שני, גלות בבל ולמקדש ראשון)! |
Moreover, the remembrance is two-fold: |
ובזה גופא –—זכר כפול: |
(a) saying the portion of the Nasi, |
(א) אמירת פרשת הנשיא, |
(b) not saying Tachanun (for the extent of an entire month)?! |
(ב) אי אמירת תחנון (ועד למשך חדש שלם)! |
אות ב’ Another unique aspect to this particular remembrance is the accompanying prayer, asking that it should have an everlasting effect on our Divine service. After reciting the portion of the Nasi, we say a special prayer asking Hashem that the merit of the particular Nasi should help us in our study of Torah and performance of its Mitzvos. The particular prayer is unique in the fact that we don’t find such powerful (i.e., far-reaching) requests in any other prayers said at occasions throughout the year.
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Also in the manner of this remembrance we find something very unique: |
גם באופנו של זכר זה מצינו חידוש: |
After the recitation of the “Nasi” |
לאחרי אמירת ה”נשיא” |
it is customary to say the following prayer: |
נוהגין לומר “יהי רצון”. וז”ל וזה לשונו: |
“May it be Your will Hashem my G-d and G-d of my fathers, |
יהי רצון מלפניך ה’ אלקי ואלקי אבותי |
that if I, your servant, am of the particular tribe |
שבאם אני עבדך משבט (פלוני) |
that I read in the Torah today the section of its Nasi, may there then shine upon me |
שקראתי בתורתך פרשה של הנשיא היום, אזי יאירו נא עלי |
all the holy sparks and all the holy lights |
כל ניצוצין קדישין וכל האורות הקדושות |
which are contained in the holiness of this tribe, |
הכלולות בקדושת זה השבט |
to understand and comprehend in Your Torah and in the fear of You |
להבין ולהשכיל בתורתך וביראתך |
to do Your will all the days of my life |
לעשות רצונך כל ימי חיי |
I and my children and my children’s children, from now and forever, Amen.” |
אני וזרעי וזרע זרעי מעתה ועד עולם אמן. |
In other words, every single Jew |
כלומר, כאו”א כל אחד ואחת מישראל |
(not just a select few), prays that there |
(לא רק יחידי סגולה) מתפלל אשר |
“Shine upon me all the holy sparks etc. contained in the holiness of this tribe”; |
“יאירו נא עלי כל ניצוצין קדישין… הכלולות בקדושת זה השבט”, |
moreover – that this illumination |
ועוד זאת – שהארה זו |
should not remain hidden and concealed, |
לא תשאר בהעלם והסתר, |
but should influence his Divine service in a practical way, |
אלא תשפיע על עבודתו בפועל |
“To understand and comprehend in Your Torah and in the fear of You |
“להבין ולהשכיל בתורתך וביראתך |
to do Your will |
לעשות רצונך |
(moreover) all the days of my life |
(ועוד זאת) כל ימי חיי אני |
(moreover) also my children and children’s children |
(ועוד זאת –) וזרעי וזרע זרעי |
(and in a way of) from now until eternity!” |
(ובאופן ד)מעתה ועד עולם”! |
In addition to this: |
ויתירה מזו: |
Since we don’t pray for miracles, |
כיון שאין מתפללין על מעשה נסים, |
it must be that this prayer |
עכצ”ל על כרחך צריכים לומר שתפלה זו |
(of every single Jew) |
(של כאו”א מישראל) |
can be fulfilled in a natural way, |
יכולה להתקיים בדרך הטבע, |
[even as we find ourselves] in the intense darkness of the time of Galus! |
בחשך כפול ומכופל של זמן הגלות! |
Moreover, generally - |
ועוד, בכלל- |
the prayers of a Jew are fulfilled, |
תפלת ישראל מתקיימת בפועל, |
especially prayers said by many, |
ובפרט תפלה ע”י רבים, |
as the Pasuk states “Behold G-d is Almighty and He does not rebuff [the prayers of many]. |
כמ”ש “הן אל כביר ולא ימאס”. |
Especially since we conclude the prayer |
ובפרט שמסיימים ה”יהי רצון” |
with the word “Amen” (which means truth), |
באמירת “אמן” (מלשון אמת), |
which gives a special strength to the blessing, |
הנותן חיזוק מיוחד בהברכה, |
bringing about the complete “victory.” |
פועל גמר ה”נצחון”. |
This means that the remembrance for all times |
ונמצא שהזכר לדורות |
to the offerings of the N’siim for “the dedication of the altar” |
לקרבנות הנשיאים “לחנוכת המזבח” |
(that is accomplished by saying the portions of the N’siim) |
(שע”י שעל ידי אמירת פ’ פרשת הנשיאים) |
is not merely a remembrance (of something that happened in the past), |
אינו רק זכר (למאורע שאירע בעבר), |
but rather it is an everlasting action, |
אלא היא פעולה נצחית, |
to the extent that [as a result] there shine |
ועד כדי כך - שמאירים |
“All the holy sparks |
“כל ניצוצין קדישין |
and all the holy lights |
וכל האורות הקדושות |
which are contained in the holiness of this tribe,” practically (as explained) |
הכלולות בקדושת זה השבט” בפועל (כנ”ל) |
“To understand and comprehend in Your Torah and in the fear of You |
“להבין ולהשכיל בתורתך וביראתך |
to do Your will all the days of my life |
לעשות רצונך כל ימי חיי |
I and my children and my children’s children, from now and forever!” |
אני וזרעי וזרע זרעי מעתה ועד עולם”! |
This is unique even in comparison |
שזהו חידוש |
to “remembrances” that are [actual] Rabbinic obligations [and not merely a custom as is the recitation of the Nasi]. |
גם לגבי עניני “זכר” שמדברי סופרים. |
Any action or prayer |
דעם היות שכל הפעולות והתפלות כו’ |
that commemorates a particular event |
הבאות לשם זכר לדבר מסויים |
(such as “remembering the exodus from Egypt” or the like, as mentioned), |
(“זכר ליציאת מצרים” וכיו”ב וכיוצא בזה, כנ”ל) |
is not merely a remembrance alone, |
אינן סתם זכר בעלמא, |
rather, that as a result of remembering it, |
אלא שע”י שעל ידי זכר זה |
the occurrence is reenacted. |
“נעשה” מעין הדבר הנזכר — |
Yet, an effect as strong as this |
מ”מ מכל מקום, פעולה כזו |
is not found in any similar sense |
לא מצינו דוגמתה |
in the prayers (and “commemorations”) of the entire year. |
בתפלות (ועניני “זכרון”) דכל השנה. |
In addition to that which was said earlier- |
זאת ועוד — |
אות ג’ Every Jew (even a Kohen and Levi who are from the tribe of Levi) recites the Torah portion of the leaders of all the tribes, being that a spark of each tribe can be incorporated within every Jew. Hence, after saying the portions of each of the leaders, all existing sparks of holiness shine within every Jew. In Kabalistic teachings there is a concept called עיבור (pregnancy), when a spark of a different soul enters the soul of a particular person. |
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after prefacing with a question: |
ובהקדם השאלה: |
How can it be that every single Jew |
כיצד יתכן שכאו”א שכל אחד ואחת מישראל |
recite the portion of each of the 12 N’siim |
יאמר פרשת כאו”א מהי”ב נשיאים |
together with the [accompanying] prayer |
עם ה”יהי רצון” |
(“it should shine upon him the lights etc. included in the holiness of this tribe”) - |
(שיאירו עליו האורות וכו’ שבקדושת שבט זה) -— |
when each Jew descends from only one specific tribe |
והרי כל אחד מישראל הוא רק משבט אחד |
{as is understood from the prayer itself, |
}כמובן מה”יהי רצון” עצמו |
which is said in an ambiguous manner - |
שהוא בלשון של ספק — |
“If I, Your servant, am from this particular tribe”, |
“באם אני עבדך משבט (פלוני) כו’” |
since it is possible he’s not of this tribe}. |
כי יתכן שאינו משבט זה{, |
This means, that out of the 12 times of saying the [portion of the] Nasi, |
ונמצא, שמתוך י”ב פעמים של אמירת הנשיאים, |
11 of those times, we say a prayer that has nothing to do with the one saying it?! |
הרי בי”א מהם אומרים תפילה שאינה שייכת להמתפלל! |
We therefore must say |
ועכצ”ל ועל כרחך צריכים לומר, |
that (it is possible for) every single Jew |
שכאו”א מישראל (אפשר שיהי’) |
to encompass all (the tribes) of Israel, |
כלול משאר כל ישראל (השבטים), |
to the extent that every single Jew can |
ועד שכאו”א מישראל אפשר |
receive the lights of all the tribes; |
שיקבל האורות של כל השבטים, |
in which case the [portion of the] Nasi and the accompanying prayer |
שאז אמירת הנשיא וה”יהי רצון” |
in a way that can be with certainty - |
אפשר שתהי’ על הוודאי - |
that “there shine upon me all the [holy] sparks and [holy] lights … |
ש”יאירו נא עלי כל ניצוצין כו’ וכל האורות כו’ |
included in the holiness of this tribe etc.,” |
הכלולות בקדושת זה השבט כו’”, |
being that there is a possibility that he has a connection to all the tribes. |
מכיון שאפשר הדבר שיש לו שייכות לכל השבטים. |
And as the Rebbe (Rashab) נשמתו עדן instructed, |
וע”ד ועל דרך הוראת כ”ק אדמו”ר (מהורש”ב) נ”ע נשמתו עדן, |
that a Kohen and Levi should also recite the [portion of the] Nasi and [the accompanying] Yehi Ratzon every day |
שאפילו כהן ולוי יאמרו הנשיא וה”יהי רצון” בכל יום |
(although they are certainly from the tribe of Levi) |
(אף שוודאי שהם משבט לוי) – |
“because this has to do with the hidden levels of the soul [known as “עיבור”], |
“כי זה שייך לעיבור”, |
which can result in having a connection |
ומצד “עיבור” אפ”ל אפשר להיות שייכות |
to each tribe and all the tribes. |
לכל שבט ולכל השבטים. |
Based on this [that has been explained], |
ועפ”ז ועל פי זה, |
being that every single Jew |
מכיון שכאו”א מישראל |
says the portions of all the N’siim |
אומר פרשיות כל הנשיאים |
as well as the Yehi Ratzon [prayer] for each of them - |
וה”יהי רצון” של כאו”א — |
and Hashem fulfills these requests - |
והקב”ה ממלא בקשות אלו — |
upon completing the recitation of all the N’siim (on the 12th of Nisan) |
הרי שבגמר אמירת הנשיאים (בי”ב ניסן) |
there shines inside every single Jew |
מאירים בכאו”א מישראל |
“All of the holy sparks and all the holy lights that are contained” |
“כל ניצוצין קדישין וכל האורות הקדושות הכלולות” |
within each tribe - |
בכל שבט ושבט - |
which include all sparks of G-dliness that are in the entire world |
שבהם נכללים כל ניצוצות הקדושה שבכל העולם כולו |
(- which was created “for the sake of the Jewish people”), |
(— שנברא “בשביל ישראל”), |
as it is known that the 12 tribes |
וכידוע שי”ב השבטים |
encompass all possible manners of Divine service |
כוללים כל אופני עבודה האפשריים |
(12 general manners). |
(י”ב אופנים כלליים). |
From this it is understood the great effect |
ומזה מובן גודל הפעולה |
that recitation of the N’siim has |
של אמירת הנשיאים |
on “understanding and comprehending in Your Torah and in the fear of You doing Your will etc.” - |
ב”להבין ולהשכיל בתורתך וביראתך לעשות רצונך כו’” — |
since it comes as a result of “all the holy sparks” of all of the tribes. |
מכיון שבאה ע”י כל “ניצוצין קדישין” של כל השבטים. |
אות ד’ The reason the sacrifices brought by the N’siim are so unique is because the dedication of the Mishkan is compared to the education of a child, and therefore affects the Divine service of every Jew throughout all times. |
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We can explain the reason for the uniqueness |
ויש לבאר הטעם לחידוש זה |
in the offerings of the N’siim |
שבקרבנות הנשיאים |
and in our commemorating them through saying [their Torah portions]: |
והאמירה לזכר שלהם: |
The dedication of the altar |
חנוכת המזבח |
is the foundation and beginning |
היא היסוד וההתחלה |
of the Divine service of every Jew |
של עבודת כל ישראל |
throughout the generations, |
במשך כל הדורות. |
as it is known |
וכידוע |
that the concept of dedicating the Mizbeiach |
דחנוכת המזבח ענינה |
is similar to the concept of education; |
כמו ענין החינוך, |
just asחינוך –education establishes the foundation |
שכשם שהחינוך מעמיד את היסוד |
for the person’s entire Divine service |
של כל עבודת המחונך |
throughout his lifetime, |
במשך כל ימי חייו, |
so too through the dedication (Chanuka) of the Mizbeiach |
כן ע”י חנוכת המזבח |
the foundation was established for the service in the Mishkan, |
הועמד היסוד לעבודת המשכן, |
which is the ultimate purpose of the entire Divine service of every person |
שהיא תכלית כל עבודת האדם |
(throughout the generations) - |
(ובמשך כל הדורות) — |
“And they shall make for me a Sanctuary and I will dwell within them.” |
“ועשו לי מקדש ושכנתי בתוכם”. |
It is for this reason that: |
ומטעם זה |
(a) all the tribes participated in the dedication of the altar - |
(א) כל השבטים השתתפו בחנוכת המזבח |
since [together] they comprise all (specific) types of Divine service (as explained), |
- כי בהם נכללים כל הסוגים (פרטיים) שבעבודת ה’ (כנ”ל), |
(b) the sacrifices for dedicating the altar |
(ב) הקרבנות לחנוכת המזבח |
were brought specifically by the leaders - |
הובאו ע”י הנשיאים דוקא — |
“Because the Nasi is all [inclusive]” |
“כי הנשיא הוא הכל” |
(his entire tribe, and as a result - |
(כל השבט שלו, ועי”ז ועל ידי זה — |
all the tribes (the entire Jewish nation)). |
כל השבטים (בנ”י בני ישראל) כולם). |
Based on the above we can understand |
ועפ”ז מובן הטעם |
why we make an everlasting remembrance for the offerings of the N’siim |
שעושים זכר לדורות לקרבנות הנשיאים |
(by saying their Torah portions and by not saying Tachanun) - |
(ע”י אמירת פ’ הנשיאים ואי אמירת תחנון) - |
despite the fact that they were one-time, |
אף שההקרבה שלהם היתה חד פעמית, |
and happened thousands of years ago, |
ולפני אלפי שנה, |
and in a specific time and place - |
ובמקום וזמן מסויימים - |
since the Korbanos of the נשיאים for the dedication of the מזבח |
כי קרבנות הנשיאים לחנוכת המזבח |
was an eternal event for all generations, |
הי’ ענין נצחי לכל הדורות, |
that continues and has a practical effect |
ענין הנמשך ומשפיע בפועל |
on the Divine service of every single Jew, |
בעבודת כאו”א מישראל, |
even during the intense darkness of Galus - |
כולל גם בחושך כפול ומכופל דהגלות — |
that there shine “all the sparks etc. |
שמאירים “כל הניצוצין כו’ |
to understand etc. all the days of my life etc. from now until eternity.” |
להבין כו’ כל ימי חיי כו’ מעתה ועד עולם”. |
To be continued…